Produção Científica
Apresentação
| Lanczos Bidiagonalization Method for Parallel 3-D Gravity Inversion - Application to Basement Relief Definition It is present an efficient parallel algorithm for the inversion of 3-D gravity data, which goal is to estimate the depth of a sedimentary basin in which the density contrast varies parabolically with depth. The efficiency of the gravity inversion methods applied to the interpretation of sedimentary basins depends on the number of data and model parameters to be estimated, making it very poor when the number of parameters is very large. We present the simulation results with a synthetic model of a sedimentary basin inspired in a real situation, taking advantage of a parallel Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm implemented using both MPI and OpenMP. Lanczos bidiagonalization method has been used to obtain the solution for the linearized subproblem at each iteration. The idea of obtaining the solution of a large system of equations using the bidiagonalization procedure is quite useful in practical problems, and allows to implement selection methods for the optimal regularization parameter in an easy way, like the weighted generalized cross validation method, adopted in this work. The hybrid parallel implementation combined with Lanczos bidiagonalization allows us to achieve a significant reduction of the computational cost, which is otherwise very high due to the scale of the problem. |
Apresentação
| Remigration-trajectory Time-migration Velocity Analysis in Regions with Strong Velocity Variations. Remigration trajectories describe the position of an image point in the image domain for different source-receiver offsets as a function of the migration velocity. They can be used for prestack time- migration velocity analysis by means of determining kinematic migration parameters, which in turn, allow to locally correct the velocity model. The main advantage of this technique is that it takes the reflection-point displacement in the midpoint direction into account, thus allowing for a moveout correction for a single reflection point at all offsets of a common image gather (CIG). We have tested the feasibility of the method on synthetic data from three simple models and the Marmousoft data. Our tests show that the proposed tool increases the velocity-model resolution and provides a plausible time-migrated image, even in regions with strong velocity variations. The most effort was spent on the event picking, which is critical to the method. |
Apresentação
| A Wavefront-propagation Strategy for Time-to-depth Conversion We present a strategy to time-to-depth conversion and velocity estimation based only on the image-wavefront propagation. It has two main features: (1) it computes the velocity field and the traveltime directly, avoiding the ray-tracing step; and (2) it requires only the knowledge of the image- wavefront at the previous time step. As a consequence, our method tends to be faster than usual techniques and does not carry the constraints and limitations inherent to common ray-tracing strategies. We have tested the feasibility of the method on the original Marmousi velocity model and two smoothed versions of it. Moreover, we migrated the Marmousi data set using the estimated depth velocity models. Our results indicate that the present strategy can be used to construct starting models for velocity-model building in depth migration and/or tomographic methods. |
Apresentação
| Time-frequency Decomposition and Q-estimation Using Complex Filters Two ideas are presented in this paper. First, we develop an analytic extension of a time-frequency decomposition, the amplitude of which is a high-resolution time-frequency decomposition that produces very tight energy peaks around the instantaneous frequency and the phase of which is a high precision and structured representation of the frequency content over signal’s entire bandwidth. Second, we build upon this signal representation by developing a Q-factor estimation method that does so by balancing both the amplitude and phase information content of the complex time- frequency decomposition. This estimator uses a propagator based on the Kolsy-Futterman formalism, which has a real part associated with attenuation and an imaginary part associated with dispersion, both of which are Q-dependent. The two methods are matched to take advantage of both amplitude and phase information of the time-frequency distribution. We apply both methods to a synthetic seismic trace and to real marine data. In the synthetic example, instantaneous frequency and Q-factor are determined successfully. The phase of the TFD reveals the instantaneous frequency, with greater sharpness, in both the synthetic and, most markedly, in the marine data. |
Artigo em Revista
| DIRECT PROBLEMS FOR POROELASTIC WAVES WITH FRACTIONAL DERIVATIVES We prove the uniqueness and continuous dependence on the data of a weak solution to a problem for poroelastic waves with fractional derivatives both in unbounded and bounded time intervals and in all space dimensions. |
Artigo em Revista
| 3-D SEISMIC MODELING AND DEPTH MIGRATION COMBINING THE EXTRAPOLATION OF UPGOING AND DOWNGOING WAVEFIELDS The 3-D acoustic wave equation is generally solved using finite difference schemes on the mesh which defines the velocity model. However, when numerical solution of the wave equation is done by finite difference schemes, attention should be taken with respect to dispersion and numerical stability. To overcome these problems, one alternative is to solve the wave equation in the Fourier domain. This approach is stabler and makes possible to separate the full wave equation in its unidirectional equations. Thus, the full wave equation is decoupled in two first order differential equations, namely two equations related to the vertical component: upgoing (-Z) and downgoing (+Z) unidirectional equations. Among the solution methods, we can highlight the Split-Step-Plus-Interpolation (SS-PSPI). This method has been proven to be quite adequate for migration problems in 3-D media, providing satisfactory results at low computational cost. In this work, 3-D seismic modeling is implemented using Huygens’ principle and an equivalent simulation of the full wave equation solution is obtained by properly applying the solutions of the two uncoupled equations. In this procedure, a point source wavefield located at the surface is extrapolated downward recursively until the last depth level in the velocity field is reached. A second extrapolation is done in order to extrapolate the wavefield upwards, from the last depth level to the surface level, and at each depth level the previously stored wavefield (saved during the downgoing step) is convolved with a reflectivity model in order to simulate secondary sources. To perform depth pre-stack migration of 3-D datasets, the decoupled wave equations were used and the same process described for seismic modeling is applied for the propagation of sources and receivers wavefields. Thus, depth migrated images are obtained using appropriate image conditions: the upgoing and downgoing wavefields of sources and receivers are correlated and the migrated images are formed. The seismic modeling and migration methods using upgoing and downgoing wavefields were tested on simple 3-D models. Tests showed that the addition of upgoing wavefield in seismic migration, provide better result and highlight steep deep reflectors which do not appear in the results using only downgoing wavefields. |
Artigo em Revista
| Q factor estimation from the amplitude spectrum of the time–frequency transform of stacked reflection seismic data Attenuation is one factor that degrades the quality of reflection seismic subsurface imaging. It causes a progressive decrease in the seismic pulse energy and is also responsible for limiting seismic resolution. Currently, many methods exist for inverse Q filtering,which can be used to correct these effects to some extent; however, but all of these methods require the value of the Q factor to be known, and this information is rarely available. In this paper we present and evaluate three different strategies to derive the Q factor from the time–frequency amplitude spectrum of the seismic trace. They are based in the analyses of the amplitude decay trend curves that can be measured along time, along frequency or along a compound variable obtained from the time–frequency product. Some difficulties are highlighted, such as the impossibility to use short time window intervals that prevents the method from providing a precise map of the Q factor value of the subsurface layers. However, the Q factor estimation made in thisway can be used to guide the parameterization of attenuation correction by means of inverse Q filtering applied to a stacked seismic section; this is demonstrated in a real data example. |
Artigo em Revista
| Reduction of crosstalk in blended-shot migration When migrating more than one shot at the same time, the nonlinearity of the imaging condition causes the final image to contain so-called crosstalk, i.e., the results of the interference of wavefields associated with different sources. We studied various ideas of using weights in the imaging condition, called encoding, for the reduction of crosstalk. We combined the ideas of random phase and/or amplitude encoding and random alteration of the sign with additional multiplication with powers of the imaginary unit. This procedure moved part of the crosstalk to the imaginary part of the resulting image, leaving the desired crosscorrelation in the real part. In this way, the final image is less impaired. Our results indicated that with a combination of these weights, the crosstalk can be reduced by a factor of four as compared with unencoded shot blending. Moreover, we evaluated the selection procedure of sources contributing to each group of shots. We compared random choice with a deterministic procedure, in which the random numbers were exchanged for numbers similar to those of a Costas array. These numbers preserve certain properties of a random choice, but avoid the occurrence of patterns in the distribution. Our objective was to avoid nearby source being added to the same group of shots, which cannot be guaranteed with a random choice. Finally, we determined that the crosstalk noise can be reduced after migration by image processing. Keywords: migration, crosscorrelation, imaging, noise |
|
|
Apresentação
| Detection of diffractions in seismic sections using Support Vector Classifiers Detection of diffractions is an essential step on diffraction imaging techniques. Due to their smaller amplitudes regarding reflection events, diffraction events are usually treated as noise in standard seismic processing. Diffraction imaging is often used to identify subsurface scattering features with enhanced resolution in comparison to conventional seismic reflection imaging. Several techniques have been presented in literature for separation of diffracted from reflected events. One way is to analyze amplitudes along diffraction time curves in common-offset sections, where it is easier to perceive differences between diffraction and reflection events. Known pattern recognition methods can be used to separate the events. We analyze automatic detection of diffraction points using a two-class k Nearest-Neighbours (kNN) and we present a routine for detection of diffractions using Support Vector Machines (SVM). We evaluate the ability of each method to detect scattering features, using synthetic seismic models. Results indicate that kNN method is more robust to noise and velocity model variation. On the other hand, SVM sensitiveness to velocity model can be useful on velocity analysis of scattering events. |
Artigo em Revista
| Symplectic scheme and the Poynting vector in reverse-time migration We developed a new numerical solution for the wave equation that combines symplectic integrators and the rapid expansion method (REM). This solution can be used for seismic modeling and reverse-time migration (RTM). In seismic modeling and RTM, spatial derivatives are usually calculated by finite differences (FDs) or by the Fourier method, and the time evolution is normally obtained by a second-order FD approach. If the spatial derivatives are computed by higher order FD schemes, then the time step needs to be small enough to avoid numerical dispersion, therefore increasing the computational time. However, by using REM with the Fourier method for the spatial derivatives, we can apply the proposed method to propagate the wavefield for larger time steps. Moreover, if the appropriate number of expansion terms is chosen, thismethod is unconditionally stable and propagates seismic waves free of numerical dispersion. The use of a symplectic numerical scheme provides the solution of the wave equation and its first time derivative at the current time step. Thus, the Poynting vector can also be computed during the time extrapolation process at very low computational cost. Based on the Poynting vector information, we also used a new methodology to separate the wavefield in its upgoing and downgoing components. Additionally, Poynting vector components can be used to compute common gathers in the reflection angle domain, and the stack of some angle gathers can be used to eliminate lowfrequency noise produced by the RTM imaging condition. We numerically evaluated the applicability of the proposed method to extrapolate a wavefield with a time step larger than the ones commonly used by symplectic methods as well as the efficiency of this new symplectic method combined with REM to successfully handle the Poynting vector calculation. |
<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 > >>
