Produção Científica
Artigo em Revista
| Influence of Bubble-point Pressure on the Gas Formation in an Oil Reservoir Under Water Injection To evaluate the oil recovering in a reservoir producing at the bubble-point pressure, we performed numerical simulations using a sandbox model and a black oil approach for the reservoir, and the tool-kit CFD software OpenFOAM. A new solver treats the three-phase dynamics of the oil water-gas in the reservoir. The calculation includes four cases with different pressures of the injection and production wells to explore the free gas formation. Our results show that even keeping constant the pressure unbalance between the injection and production wells, we observe different dynamics. There is no gas formation and a typical production profile results if the bottom-hole pressure is just above the bubble-point in the injection and production wells. In case only the production well bottom-hole pressure is just below the bubble-point, we see no gas formation near the injection well and oscillatory gas formation around the production well. We see a triphasic flow along with the whole domain if both bottom hole pressures are just below the bubble-point. However, if the bottom-hole pressure in both wells goes further below, the gas flow rate no more oscillates and the gas formation becomes continuous. We have also treated a special case to analyze the influence of gravity on the triphasic flow. Here we observed the gravity segregation to be not significant. |
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Artigo em Revista
| Interferometric redatuming by deconvolution and correlation-based focusing Seismic interferometry is a method used to calculate wavefields for sources and receivers that are located where only sources or only receivers are available. There are correlation- or deconvolution-based interferometric methods that can be used to reposition the seismic array from the earth’s surface to an arbitrary datum at depth. Based on the one-way reciprocity theorems of convolution and correlation type, we have determined that interferometric redatuming can be achieved in a deconvolution-only procedure in three steps. The first two steps consist of separately retrieving, for sources at the earth’s surface, the downward- and upward-propagating Green’s functions at receivers at the datum, which are then used in the third step to reposition the sources to the datum. For the involved deconvolutions, transmitted and backscattered wavefields need to be modeled with a velocity model between the acquisition and datum levels. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that the method can help to reduce nonphysical events and other artifacts that commonly arise in purely correlation-based procedures. If a high-quality overburden-velocity model is available, it correctly accounts for inhomogeneities in the overburden medium. Because the method’s sensitivity to the velocity model is mainly introduced by backscattering at overburden heterogeneities, a smooth model is sufficient when overburden scattering is weak. |
Artigo em Revista
| Porosity, specific surface area and permeability in porous media In the present work,we obtained explicit formulas that relate permeability to porosity and specific surface area of pores and cracks.We showthat Darcy's law is not an obligatory condition for the determination of fluid flow velocity; this empirical law may be true for some geometry of grains and pores, and maybe not valid for another geometry with flowing conditions. The role of permeability is played by the ratio of porosity (to the third power) to the specific surface area (to the second power) of pores or cracks. Fluid flow velocity depends on porosity, specific surface area, viscosity, and borehole radius. The analog of Darcy's law can be calculated using integral geometry parameters and boundary conditions; i. e., it does not have to be only empirical, but it is also an analytical law. The dependence of permeability on porosity differs significantly from enough big to small porous media. The fluid flow can be calculated using the elastic equilibrium equations and the incompressibility of viscous fluid without any phenomenological parameters. |
Artigo em Revista
| Representation of discontinuous seismic velocity fields by sigmoidal functions for ray tracing and travel time modelling Wave-modelling methods based on asymptotic ray theory have a lower computational cost than full wave-equation methods but require a smooth velocity field, though discontinuities may be handled by imposing interface conditions between adjacent blocks. We propose to approximate discontinuous velocity fields with model parametrizations based on smooth, rapidly varying functions known as sigmoidal functions. We have implemented the proposed technique on Cartesian grids using the wavelet theory formalism. Numerical experiments with 2-D and 3-D initial-value and two-point ray tracing in heterogeneous media show that the ray paths and traveltimes produced with the sigmoidal representation are consistent with the results produced by conventional ray tracing in block structures, broadening the scope of classical algorithms based on smooth velocity fields. |
Artigo em Revista
| Oil Spill Detection and Mapping: A 50-Year Bibliometric Analysis Oil spill detection and mapping (OSPM) is an extremely relevant issue from a scientific point of view due to the environmental impact on coastal and marine ecosystems. In this study, we present a new approach to assess scientific literature for the past 50 years. In this sense, our study aims to perform a bibliometric and network analysis using a literature review on the application of OSPM to assess researchers and trends in this field of science. In methodological terms we used the Scopus base to search for articles in the literature, then we used bibliometric tools to access information and reveal quantifying patterns in this field of literature. Our results suggest that the detection of oil in the sea has undergone a great evolution in the last decades and there is a strong relationship between the technological evolution aimed at detection with the improvement of remote sensing data acquisition methods. The most relevant contributions in this field of science involved countries such as China, the United States, and Canada. We revealed aspects of great importance and interest in OSPM literature using a bibliometric and network approach to give a clear overview of this field’s research trends. |
Artigo em Revista
| A wavefield domain dynamic approach: Application in reverse time migration This paper proposes a novel technique to handle the wavefield domain involved in the procedures of seismic modeling, reverse-time migration (RTM), and full-waveform inversion (FWI). This method considers that the size of the wavefield domain varies with time, in other words, that it expands concomitantly to the propagation. However, in the geophysical literature, this dynamism has always been neglected as the wavefield domain is constantly considered to be fixed, thus, representing what we call a static approach (SA). This assumption may incur unnecessary use of available computational resources, thereby compromising application performance. Herein, we create a so-called dynamic approach (DA), capable of obtaining truly significant gains in terms of memory consumption and computational time. This new methodology is based on the application of an empirical filter that delimits the wavefront. This filter functions as a window and it is applied at each timestep until the wavefront reaches the model's boundaries, selecting the area where the seismic wavefield exists. This approach tries to approximate the computational domain to the propagation domain in order to obtain valuable computational gains, by eliminating unnecessary work, thus reducing the amount of work needed to perform forward and backward propagation. We compare both approaches using the Pluto model. The seismic data generated from the Pluto model is very large and it was not possible to use the static approach with it relying only on the random-access memory (RAM) of the used hardware. In order to perform the conventional RTM, we implement and compare the effective boundary technique for wavefield reconstruction with the RTM using the proposed dynamic approach. With the dynamic approach, it was possible to perform RTM of a 2D seismic data obtained from the Pluto model using only the RAM of the computational nodes and without the need of reconstruction techniques. |
Artigo em Revista
| Prestack seismic data reconstruction and denoising by orientation-dependent tensor decomposition Multidimensional seismic data reconstruction and denoising can be achieved by assuming noiseless and complete data as low-rank matrices or tensors in the frequency-space domain. We propose a simple and effective approach to interpolate prestack seismic data that explores the low-rank property of multidimensional signals. The orientation-dependent tensor decomposition represents an alternative to multilinear algebraic schemes. Our method does not need to perform any explicit matricization, only requiring to calculate the so-called covariance matrix for one of the spatial dimensions. The elements of such a matrix are the inner products between the lower-dimensional tensors in a convenient direction. The eigenvalue decomposition of the covariance matrix provides the eigenvectors for the reduced-rank approximation of the data tensor. This approximation is used for recovery and denoising, iteratively replacing the missing values. We present synthetic and field data examples to illustrate the method's effectiveness for denoising and interpolating 4D and 5D seismic data with randomly missing traces. |
Artigo em Revista
| Modelling of mechanical wave propagation The numerical modeling of mechanical waves is currently a fundamental tool for the study and investigation of their propagation in media with heterogeneous physical properties and/or complex geometry, as, in these cases, analytical methods are usually not applicable. These techniques are used in geophysics (geophysical interpretation, subsoil imaging, development of new methods of exploration), seismology (study of earthquakes, regional and global seismology, accurate calculation of synthetic seismograms), in the development of new methods for ultrasonic diagnostics in materials science (non-destructive methods) and medicine (acoustic tomography). In this paper we present a review of numerical methods that have been developed and are currently used. In particular we review the key concepts and pioneering ideas behind finite-difference methods, pseudospectral methods, finite-volume methods, Galerkin continuous and discontinuous finite-element methods (classical or based on spectral interpolation), and still others such as physics-compatible, and multiscale methods. We focus on their formulations in time domain along with the main temporal discretization schemes. We present the theory and implementation for some of these methods. Moreover, their computational characteristics are evaluated in order to aid the choice of the method for each practical situation. |
Artigo em Revista
| Multiphase flow mobility impact on oil reservoir recovery: An open-source simulation This work uses Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to simulate the two-phase flow (oil and water) through a reservoir represented by a sandbox model. We investigated the influence in the flows of water having higher and lower mobilities than oil. To accomplish this, we also developed a dedicated solver, with the appropriated equations and representative models implemented in the open-source CFD OpenFOAM platform. In this solver, the black-oil model represented the oil. The results show that the Buckley–Leverett water-flood equation is a good approach for the three-dimensional flow. We observe that the water wall front is mixed to some extent with the oil and evolves obeying an exponential law. Water with mobility lower than oil is not common. However, in this case, the oil recovery is improved and the amount of injected water is reduced. The results comparing different mobilities show that a careful economic assessment should be performed before the field development. We have shown that the low water mobility can increase, as in this studied example, the water front saturation from 0.57 to 0.73, giving a substantial improvement in the oil recovery. The reservoir simulation can provide all process information needed to perform an economical assessment in an oil field exploration. |
Artigo em Revista
| Geometrical influence of the source/drains configuration on the flow interactions in a sandbox model: A three-dimensional OpenFOAM simulation This paper explores the interaction of di®erent °ow paths in a porous medium by observing the e®ect of having more than one drain in a simple model domain with a single source. The work is based on three-dimensional numerical simulations of the °ow of injected water in a sandbox domain with porous volume completely ¯lled by water and oil. The calculation uses the OpenFOAM library to solve Darcy's equations for the dynamics of a two-phase °ow: water as the wetting, oil as the nonwetting °uid. We observe the interactions of °ows in di®erent paths under changes of number of drains and their relative positions. |
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